End-stage kidney failure, dialysis or transplant required.

eGFR below 15

What is Stage 5 CKD?

End-Stage Kidney Failure

Stage 5 chronic kidney disease, often referred to as end-stage kidney failure, occurs when kidney function is critically reduced, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 15. At this stage, the kidneys are no longer able to effectively remove waste, regulate fluids, or maintain essential chemical balances in the body. As a result, life-sustaining treatment such as dialysis or a kidney transplant becomes necessary. Although this is the most advanced stage of CKD, many people continue to live meaningful lives with appropriate treatment and support.

Life-sustaining treatment

Dialysis: The Lifeline for Stage 5 CKD

Replacing lost kidney function.

Dialysis is a life-sustaining treatment that takes over some of the key functions of the kidneys by removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood. In Stage 5 CKD, dialysis becomes essential for survival. The two main types, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, each have different schedules, settings, and lifestyle considerations. Choosing the most suitable option depends on medical factors, daily routines, and personal preferences, and is best decided through careful discussion with a healthcare team.

Long-term solution

Kidney Transplant: The Ultimate Treatment

Restoring kidney function.

For patients who are medically eligible, a kidney transplant offers the best long-term treatment option and can significantly improve quality of life. A transplanted healthy kidney takes over the work of the failing kidneys, allowing the body to function more normally. While transplantation involves surgery and lifelong medical follow-up, many people experience greater independence, improved energy levels, and reduced reliance on dialysis after a successful transplant.

Quality of life

Managing Symptoms and Daily Living

Supporting comfort and stability.

Managing symptoms and maintaining quality of life are central priorities at Stage 5 CKD. People may experience ongoing fatigue, reduced appetite, fluid buildup, or changes in electrolyte balance. A combination of dialysis, medications, dietary adjustments, and careful fluid management helps control symptoms and improve daily comfort. With the right care plan, many individuals are able to maintain routines, relationships, and activities that matter to them.

Mental & emotional health

Emotional Support and Coping Strategies

Caring for mental well-being.

Living with kidney failure can place a significant emotional and psychological burden on individuals and their families. Feelings of anxiety, sadness, or uncertainty about the future are common and understandable. Emotional support through counseling, peer support groups, spiritual care, and family involvement plays a vital role in coping and building resilience. Addressing mental well-being alongside physical treatment helps support a more balanced and hopeful outlook during this stage of care.